Zcash is a digital currency, or cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin.
Zcash was conceived by a team of world-renowned scientists at MIT, Johns Hopkins and other respected academic and scientific institutions. It was built on the original Bitcoin code base with several key improvements, namely privacy-preserving shielded addresses and a community development fund.

You can use Zcash to buy goods and services — it's fast and confidential, great for payments — or you can exchange it for another kind of money, including US dollars, Euros or another fiat currency.
A major difference between most cryptocurrencies and traditional money is that every transaction is tracked and managed on a decentralized, public blockchain, instead of by a centralized institution, like a bank. This means you truly own your money.
Privacy within your control
Most cryptocurrencies expose your full transaction history and holdings to everyone, but shielded Zcash transactions are completely private.
Like Bitcoin, Zcash transaction data is posted to a public blockchain; but unlike Bitcoin, Zcash gives you the option of confidential transactions and financial privacy through shielded addresses. Zero-knowledge proofs allow transactions to be verified without revealing the sender, receiver or transaction amount. Selective disclosure features within Zcash allow a user to share some transaction details, for purposes of compliance or audit.
Zcash also allows for transparent transactions, which are completely interoperable with shielded addresses.
In 2022, Zcash introduced a unified address format which makes Zcash easier to use by removing the complexity of juggling multiple address types. Unified addresses increase interoperability between wallets and exchanges, improving the overall user experience of Zcash.
Bitcoin vs Zcash vs Credit card vs Cash
Bitcoin
Efficient
Attack- and censorship-resistant
Auditable
Not private
Zcash
Efficient
Attack- and censorship-resistant
Auditable with user permission
Private
Credit card
Efficient
Open to attack or censorship
Auditable with user permission
Limited privacy
Cash
Inefficient
Not secure
Not auditable
Private
Key Features
Efficient and usable
Audit- and regulation-friendly
Decentralized and attack-resistant
Private addresses & transactions
Why privacy is important
Privacy is necessary for ensuring freedom on the internet. When your transactions are being watched — or when your transaction history is available to be known — a person isn't free to make their own decisions. With other digital currencies, bad actors are able to match people to their balances and details about parties involved, amounts and trends.